Why is the Japanese diet so healthy? (2024)

The Japanese have long been revered and studied for their long life expectancy, which is higher than almost anywhere else in the world. So why is the traditional Japanese diet so healthy and what do they eat? We asked registered nutritionist Nicola Shubrook.

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What is the traditional Japanese diet?

The traditional Japanese diet is largely fresh and unprocessed, with very few refined ingredients and sugar. In fact, it isn’t that dissimilar to a traditional Chinese diet, with staples including rice, cooked and pickled vegetables, fish and meat. However, because Japan is actually a group of islands (all 6,852 of them), its residents consume a lot more fish compared to other Asian countries. They also eat raw fish in sushi and sashimi, plus quite a few pickled, fermented and smoked foods.

Visit our ‘All you need to know about diets’ page for recipes and more expert advice on weight loss, including low-GI and the Mediterranean diet’

Why is the Japanese diet so healthy? (1)

What are the components of a traditional Japanese diet?

Soya beans, usually in the form of tofu or fresh edamame, are a key part of the Japanese diet, along with other beans such as aduki. Fermented soy bean products such as miso and natto are popular staples. Natto is traditionally consumed at breakfast and has a beneficial effect on the gut and supports blood clotting.

The Japanese also consume a wide variety of land and sea vegetables including seaweed, which is packed full of health-boosting minerals, and may help to reduce blood pressure. Fruit is often consumed with breakfast or as a dessert, especially Fuji apples, tangerines and persimmons.

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Alongside their diet, the Japanese are big fans of green tea – in particular matcha tea, which is fast gaining popularity elsewhere, including the UK. Matcha, a stone-ground powdered green tea, is most valued for its high antioxidant compounds known as catechins, which have been linked to fighting cancer, viruses and heart disease.

What are the benefits of the traditional Japanese diet?

A study by the British Medical Journal found that those who stuck closer to the Japanese dietary guidelines – a diet high in grains and vegetables, with moderate amounts of animal products and soy but minimal dairy and fruit – had a reduced risk of dying early from heart disease or stroke. As their diet is traditionally high in soy and fish this may also play a significant role in reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. The Japanese also have the lowest rates of obesity among men and women as well as long life expectancy.

The island of Okinawa, in southernmost Japan, has the highest number of centenarians in the world as well as the lowest risk of age-related diseases (for example diabetes, cancer, arthritis and Alzheimer’s). This has partly been attributed to their traditional Japanese diet, which is low in calories and saturated fat yet high in nutrients, especially phytonutrients including flavonoids, found in different coloured vegetables. This also includes phytoestrogens, or plant-based oestrogens, that may help protect against hormone-dependent cancers, such as breast cancer. The diet of the Okinawan people has been little influenced by the dietary changes of the Western culture, which have been seen in more urban Japan.

Which healthy eating behaviours are part of traditional Japanese culture?

Traditionally, the Japanese tend to have a healthy attitude to food and eating. They have a saying, “hara hachi bu”, which means to eat until you are 80% full, and it's not uncommon to teach children this philosophy from a young age.

The way the Japanese serve their food is also key. Rather than having one large plate, they often eat from a small bowl while enjoying several different dishes, usually rice, miso, some fish or meat and then two or three vegetables dishes, often served communally and eaten in rotation. The Japanese are also strong believers in ‘flexible restraint’ when it comes to treats and snacks, enjoying them from time to time but in smaller portions.

Why is the Japanese diet so healthy? (2)

Japanese recipe inspiration...

Miso chicken and rice soup
Japanese salmon and avocado rice
Teriyaki noodle broth
Soba noodle and edamame salad with grilled tofu
Japanese salad with ginger soy dressing
Miso marinated salmon
Miso brown rice and chicken salad
Thai green tofu noodles
Japanese-style brown rice

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This article was reviewed on 22 March 2022 by Kerry Torrens.

Nicola Shubrook is a nutritional therapist and works with both private clients and the corporate sector. She is an accredited member of the British Association for Applied Nutrition and Nutritional Therapy (BANT) and the Complementary & Natural Healthcare Council (CNHC). Find out more at urbanwellness.co.uk.

Kerry Torrens BSc. (Hons) PgCert MBANT is a Registered Nutritionist with a post graduate diploma in Personalised Nutrition & Nutritional Therapy. She is a member of the British Association for Nutrition and Lifestyle Medicine (BANT) and a member of the Guild of Food Writers. Over the last 15 years she has been a contributing author to a number of nutritional and cookery publications including B Good Food. Follow Kerry on Instagram at @kerry_torrens_nutrition_.

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Why is the Japanese diet so healthy? (2024)

FAQs

Why is the Japanese diet so healthy? ›

The Japanese traditional diet (Washoku), which is characterized by high consumption of fish and soybean products and low consumption of animal fat and meat, relies on the effective use of umami taste to enhance palatability. There may be a link between Washoku and the longevity of the people in Japan.

What makes the Japanese diet so healthy? ›

The traditional Japanese diet is largely fresh and unprocessed, with very few refined ingredients and sugar. In fact, it isn't that dissimilar to a traditional Chinese diet, with staples including rice, cooked and pickled vegetables, fish and meat.

Why is food in Japan so good? ›

In Japan, flavours and ingredients are carefully balanced to bring out the best in each other. This is known as 'umami' or the fifth basic taste found in certain foods like soy sauce, miso, seaweed, and mushrooms. It's a salty-savoury flavour that has been perfected over centuries of Japanese cuisine.

Is Japanese cuisine really healthy? ›

Japanese cuisine is widely seen as one of the healthiest options in the world. With famous dishes like miso soup, udon noodles, sushi rice, soba noodles and raw fish known around the world, Japanese food is often seen as a healthier option due to its focus on fresh, natural and healthy ingredients.

What is the Japanese secret diet? ›

The traditional Japanese diet is a whole-foods-based diet rich in fish, seafood, and plant-based foods with minimal amounts of animal protein, added sugars, and fat. It's based on traditional Japanese cuisine, also known as “washoku,” which consists of small dishes of simple, fresh, and seasonal ingredients.

Why do Japanese people live longer? ›

Contrary to popular belief, Japanese people's longevity is not due to their genes, but rather their lifestyle habits and food choices. Japanese people consume lots of fresh vegetables, seasonal fruits, and unprocessed foods, leading to an obesity rate of just 3.6%, the lowest in the entire world.

How do Japanese eat rice and stay thin? ›

Japanese people stay lean despite eating lots of white rice because they're unafraid of it. They have a relationship with it where it neither scares nor intimidates them — instead of avoiding it, they enjoy it in moderate portions, with different vegetables, filling fats, and nourishing proteins.

What is Japan's number 1 food? ›

There are various kinds of sushi dishes, such as nigirizushi (hand formed sushi), makizushi (rolled sushi) and chirashi (sushi rice topped with raw fish). Sushi is the most famous Japanese dish outside of Japan, and one of the most popular dishes inside Japan, as well.

Is Japanese food healthier than American food? ›

Some of the most commonly used vegetables in Japanese cuisine are cabbage, carrots, sweet potatoes, mushrooms, radishes, peppers, and spinach. The second reason Japanese food is considered the healthiest in the world is that this type of cuisine emphasizes fresh ingredients.

Why is Japanese food healthier than Chinese food? ›

Generally, Japanese foods are considered healthier and more nutritious than Chinese meals. The reason lies in the use of fats, carbs, and proteins. Japanese cuisine uses a lot of proteins, and the primary source is seafood. Usually, the Japanese serve raw seafood. However, some prefer steaming and stir-frying.

What is the top healthiest Japanese food? ›

Some of the healthiest options in Japanese cuisine include protein-heavy dishes such as sashimi, sushi, wagyu steak, grilled fish, miso soup, vegetable and chicken gyozas, poke rice bowls, low-salt ramen, and edamame.

Why is Japan the healthiest country? ›

Culture has a huge part to play in how the Japanese stay so healthy. Japanese cuisine is well-known for its focus on fresh, healthy ingredients and balanced meals. Traditional Japanese dishes include a lot of fish, vegetables, and whole grains, which are rich in nutrients and low in saturated fats.

What do Japanese people sleep on? ›

Japanese people have traditionally slept on futons in tatami rooms. There are two types of futons, one for blanket use and the other for mattress use. You lay the mattress futon on the floor and cover it with linen, and place the blanket futon over the mattress that you sleep on.

Why are Japanese so healthy? ›

Why Is the Japanese Diet So Healthy? Japanese diet mainly relies on plants and seafood for proteins, good fats, vitamins, and minerals. Moreover, they take a limited portion of carbohydrates, spices, and salt. Such a diet prevents them from getting harmful diseases, delays aging, and prolongs their healthy lifespan.

What Japanese diet makes them live longer? ›

Their unique diet and lifestyle are credited with giving them some of the longest lifespans on the planet. The traditional Okinawa diet is low in calories and fat while high in carbs. It emphasizes vegetables and soy products alongside occasional — and small — amounts of noodles, rice, pork, and fish.

How many meals do Japanese eat a day? ›

The Japanese eat three meals a day, and they have some meal conventions that are similar to Western practices. At many Japanese hotels, breakfast is a sizeable affair, with a focus on savory dishes, soup and (of course!) pickles.

Why is Japan's obesity rate so low? ›

Food Consumption, Prices and Dietary Tradition

The average Japanese consumes fewer calories and less fat than the typical American, which in part simply reflects the smaller stature of the Japanese.

How do Japanese people stay slim? ›

Japanese folks always tend to eat their meals in small portions, which would effectively help in weight loss as well as calorie burn. They tend to eat very less but they eat nutritious food. They eat slowly and stop eating once they are about 80% full.

What are the two most important foods in the Japanese diets? ›

The Japanese traditional diet (Washoku), which is characterized by high consumption of fish and soybean products and low consumption of animal fat and meat, relies on the effective use of umami taste to enhance palatability.

What do Japanese people eat for longevity? ›

Their unique diet and lifestyle are credited with giving them some of the longest lifespans on the planet. The traditional Okinawa diet is low in calories and fat while high in carbs. It emphasizes vegetables and soy products alongside occasional — and small — amounts of noodles, rice, pork, and fish.

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